Free Essays on Motivations

Motivation INTRODUCTION A good first step towards understanding the best way to motivates people is to ask "What do people want from their jobs?" We might answer, "money" or "power" but really it is very difficult to judge because depending on our own individual values and beliefs, we are not all motivated by the same things to the same degree. Managers need to be aware that the things that motivate them may not necessarily motivate their employees. Then what is motivation? MEANING OF IS MOTIVATION? Motivation can be defined as a concept used to describe the factors within an individual which arouse, maintain and channel behaviour towards a goal. It is more the removal of obstacles to good work than it is "inspiring" people to work harder. There is an old saying you can take a horse to the water but you cannot force it to drink; it will drink only if it's thirsty - so with people. They will do what they want to do or otherwise motivated to do. Whether it is to excel on the workshop floor or in the 'ivory to wer' they must be motivated or driven to it, either by themselves or through external stimulus. Motivation is, in effect, a means to reduce and manipulate the gap between an individual's actual state and some desired state and the manager tries to reduce this gap. It is inducing others in a specific way towards goals specifically stated by the motivator. Naturally, these goals as also the motivation system must conform to the corporate policy of the organization. The motivational system must be tailored to the situation and to the organization. In one of the most elaborate studies on employee motivation, involving 31,000 men and 13,000 women, the Minneapolis Gas Company sought to determine what their potential employees desire most from a job. This study was carried out during a 20 year period from 1945 to 1965 and was quite revealing. The ratings for the various factors differed only slightly between men and women, but both gr... Free Essays on Motivations Free Essays on Motivations Motivation INTRODUCTION A good first step towards understanding the best way to motivates people is to ask "What do people want from their jobs?" We might answer, "money" or "power" but really it is very difficult to judge because depending on our own individual values and beliefs, we are not all motivated by the same things to the same degree. Managers need to be aware that the things that motivate them may not necessarily motivate their employees. Then what is motivation? MEANING OF IS MOTIVATION? Motivation can be defined as a concept used to describe the factors within an individual which arouse, maintain and channel behaviour towards a goal. It is more the removal of obstacles to good work than it is "inspiring" people to work harder. There is an old saying you can take a horse to the water but you cannot force it to drink; it will drink only if it's thirsty - so with people. They will do what they want to do or otherwise motivated to do. Whether it is to excel on the workshop floor or in the 'ivory to wer' they must be motivated or driven to it, either by themselves or through external stimulus. Motivation is, in effect, a means to reduce and manipulate the gap between an individual's actual state and some desired state and the manager tries to reduce this gap. It is inducing others in a specific way towards goals specifically stated by the motivator. Naturally, these goals as also the motivation system must conform to the corporate policy of the organization. The motivational system must be tailored to the situation and to the organization. In one of the most elaborate studies on employee motivation, involving 31,000 men and 13,000 women, the Minneapolis Gas Company sought to determine what their potential employees desire most from a job. This study was carried out during a 20 year period from 1945 to 1965 and was quite revealing. The ratings for the various factors differed only slightly between men and women, but both gr...

Lanthanides Definition in Chemistry

Lanthanides Definition in Chemistry Below the main body of the periodic table are two rows of elements. These are the lanthanides and the actinides. If you look at the atomic numbers of the elements, youll notice they fit in the spaces below scandium and yttrium. The reason they arent (usually) listed there is because this would make the table too wide to print on paper. Each of these rows of elements has characteristic properties. Key Takeaways: What Are the Lanthanides? The lanthanides are the elements in the top of the two rows located below the main body of the periodic table.While there is disagreement over exactly which elements should be included, many chemists state the lanthanides are elements with atomic numbers 58 through 71.Atoms of these elements are characterized by having a partially filled 4f sublevel.These elements have several names, including the lanthanide series and the rare earth elements. The IUPAC preferred name is actually lanthanoids. Lanthanides Definition The lanthanides are generally considered to be elements with atomic numbers 58-71 (lanthanum to lutetium). The lanthanide series is the group of elements in which the 4f sublevel is being filled. All of these elements are metals (specifically, transition metals). They share several common properties. However, there is some dispute over exactly where the lanthanides begin and end. Technically, either lanthanum or lutetium is a d-block element rather than f-block element. Yet, the two elements share characteristics with other elements in the group. Nomenclature The lanthanides are indicated by the chemical symbol Ln when discussing general lanthanide chemistry. The group of elements actually goes by any of several names: lanthanides, lanthanide series, rare earth metals, rare earth elements, common earth elements, inner transition metals, and lanthanoids. The IUPAC formally prefers the use of the term lanthanoids because the suffix -ide has a specific meaning in chemistry. However, the group acknowledges the term lanthanide predates this decision, so it is generally accepted. Lanthanide Elements The lanthanides are: Lanthanum, atomic number 58Cerium, atomic number 58Praseodymium, atomic number 60Neodymium, atomic number 61Samarium, atomic number 62Europium, atomic number 63Gadolinium, atomic number 64Terbium, atomic number 65Dysprosium, atomic number 66Holmium, atomic number 67Erbium, atomic number 68Thulium, atomic number 69Ytterbium, atomic number 70Lutetium, atomic number 71 General Properties All of the lanthanides are shiny, silver-colored transition metals. Like other transition metals, they form colored solutions, however, lanthanide solutions tend to be pale in color. The lanthanides tend to be soft metals that can be cut with a knife. While the atoms can exhibit any of several oxidation states, the 3 state is most common. The metals are generally quite reactive and form an oxide coating upon exposure to air. Lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, and europium are so reactive they are stored in mineral oil. However, gadolinium and lutetium only slowly tarnish in air. Most lanthanides and their alloys quickly dissolve in acid, ignite in air around 150-200  °C, and react with halogens, sulfur, hydrogen, carbon, or nitrogen upon heating. Elements of the lanthanide series also display a phenomenon called lanthanide contraction. In lanthanide contraction, the 5s and 5p orbitals penetrate into the 4f subshell. Because the 4f subshell is not fully shielded from the effects of the positive nuclear charge, the atomic radius of the lanthanide atoms successively decreasing moving across the periodic table from left to right. (Note: This is, in fact, the general trend for atomic radius moving across the periodic table.) Occurrence in Nature Lanthanide minerals tend to contain all elements within the series. However, the vary according to the abundance of each element. The mineral euxenite contains lanthanides in nearly equal proportions. Monazite contains mainly lighter lanthanides, while xenotime contains mostly heavier lanthanides. Sources Cotton, Simon (2006).  Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry. John Wiley Sons Ltd.Gray, Theodore (2009). The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe. New York: Black Dog Leventhal Publishers. p. 240. ISBN 978-1-57912-814-2.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1230–1242. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.Krishnamurthy, Nagaiyar and Gupta, Chiranjib Kumar (2004). Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths. CRC Press. ISBN 0-415-33340-7.Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford Science Publication. ISBN 978-0-19-855370-0.

Electronic communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Electronic communication - Essay Example It is with no doubt that the technology has lowered the cost of operation and increased profit margins and business productivity, however, its rapid growth and extensive use has brought along potentially harmful threats to the technology itself and to its users. The paper examines the potential threats related to electronic communication and recommends possible responds to such threats. Introduction Electronic communication, a form of communication involving the transfer of images, signals, data and signs through electromagnetic energy, radio, wire or photo-optical system was discovered in 1998 and its popularity has grown drastically ever since. (Kranakis, 2008) The technology has significantly improved and enhanced the speed, reliability and accuracy in communication including globalization of various business and organizations utilizing the technology. A part from the vast and evident advantages of electronic communication, there are a number of threats associated with overrelianc e on the technology. The use of loop holes in the technology by cyber criminals posses as the most critical threat among others. Malicious actors such as hackers have the habit of utilizing easily accessible tools to compromise and intercept electronic communication thus putting the user and the target infrastructure at high risk. (Kranakis, 2008) The threats associated with electronic communication presents a potential danger to a business organization’s assets including the data of the organization and the users, user authentication information and the physical infrastructures like the network and the computer systems. The assaults and severity associated with such threats as spam, viruses and network attacks have risen to the extent that it threatens the viability of electronic communication. Apart from the leakage of confidential user data, such attacks and threats causes increased and unpredictable hardware and software costs, disruption to email delivery and depletion o f IT resources. The threats associated with electronic communication can be widely categorized in to two including the following. System and Application Threats There is a possibility that data and information sent through electronic communication can be intercepted, copied and modified by unauthorized persons through such attacks as man-in-the-middle attack. This compromises privacy and exposes the user to great danger in case sensitive information such as banking details are exploited. In case of a hospital, the modification of intercepted patient information can endanger the patient’s health or worse off, life. (Melliar-Smith & Chuang, 2012) Password theft and unauthorized computer and network access by hackers or other actors with malicious intentions also posses as a dangerous threat associated with electronic communication. Hackers use special software and Trojans to attack and compromise the security of a target thus gaining unrestricted access to sensitive data and in formation which can be used against the business organization. Such security breach can do massive damage to a company’s reputation besides its competitive advantage in case sensitive and confidential information is lost in the process. In addition, intellectual property may also be lost in case of a security breach involving

The concept and characteristics of Leadership viewed through the Essay

The concept and characteristics of Leadership viewed through the JoHari Window - Essay Example The Johari window is often referred to as a ‘Disclosure/feedback’ model of self awareness and as a tool for processing information. It’s a self awareness tool because it represents information on feelings, attitudes, views, skills, intentions, experiences and motivation that a person presents in relation to his team, from four different angles. The two main concepts behind the Johari window is that the individuals are able to foster relations based on trust by simply disclosing personal information about themselves and secondly, they can become better persons by dealing with personal issues with the assistance obtained from others [Chapman 2003]. Essentially, better understanding between individuals and groups can be created with the assistance of the Johari window. It is also applicable to the leadership of an organization as it is in understanding the concept of the Johari window that leaders are able to understand the value and importance of self disclosure. This then results to their appreciation of giving and receiving personal feedback. When the Johari window is administered with sensitivity, the team members are able to build trusting relationships amongst themselves, are able to deal with problems and consequently be more effective as a team. This automatically leads to improved productivity within the organization, which is an objective for any goal oriented organization. Loft and Ingham, the founders of the Johari window, divided this window into four quadrants as show below: Quadrant 1 Open Area /Public Area/ The arena Quadrant2 Blind Area / Blind Spot Quadrant 3 Hidden Area Quadrant 4 Unknown Area Open Area | Public Area | The arena This quadrant represents the areas that are known by both ourselves and others. These areas are such as our strengths and weaknesses which we openly choose to share with and display to others. Information known in this quadrant is both factual and behavioral. Factual information is such as one's name and place of residence. While behavioral information includes: wants, needs, feelings etc. This quadrant is a basic description of who one is. Whenever individuals meet for the first time, the size of this quadrant is small and individuals have the choice of whether or not to expand it by exchanging information. Blind Area / Blind Spot This quadrant represents the traits that others know about an individual but are unknown to the individual. These traits could be positive or negative and have an influence on how others respond towards the individual. These traits could be as simple as appearance or as complex as feelings of insecurity, inadequacy and incompetence. More often than not, it is difficult to communicate these traits to an individual as it may sometimes be viewed to be degrading or attacking. This poses a problem as the relationship can be compromised. Hidden / Avoided Area This quadrant represents information that an individual knows about himself but is unknown to others. Unless the individual deliberately decides to reveals this information, it remains unknown. Feelings of trust and comfort usually encourage people to reveal more about themselves and consequently, the window shade is pulled down;

Potential Communication Barries Essay Example for Free

Potential Communication Barries Essay Mental distraction which results to taking a lot of time between when you hear something and when you speak emotional distraction   makes someone overreact to what is spoken which makes him divert attention   far away from whoever is communicating which results to the person who is addressed not getting the information. When both speaker and listener have shared knowledge, there is barrier because both of them use same vocabulary and the listener fails to take what is communicated seriously. Physical distraction for example noise that make people not understand each other properly, when the room is too warm, people occupying it may be uncomfortable and loose concentration of what is being communicated. When judgment is done by those communicated to by appearance or knowledge or making judgment without facts to support it, communication is broken down because of the listener judging the communicator by what he can see but not by what he can offer. This will make the communicated be taken lightly and what he says will not be taken seriously. Lack of interest in what is communicated and having negative attitude towards the presenter will create barrier to effective communication because even the message delivered will be of little use to the listener. HOW TO OVERCOME COMMUNICATION BARRIERS You should stop talking and concentrate on listening in order to get all what is communicated and respond accordingly. Pay attention so that the parties concerned can be actively involved in the discussion and they can understand each other as they talk. Non verbal language should be paid attention to by keeping eye contact between both parties and getting the facial expression of the communicator. Always make sure that you question the speaker to ensure that your understanding is accurate so that you can get everything that is communicated to you. Resist any destruction by shuffling papers that can make your attention to be diverted away from what is being communicated. Do not draw while you listen because your concentration will be affected all the time. When upset by what the speaker is saying, do not interrupt until the speaker finishes whatever he is saying. Open your mind and try to look at the situation from the speakers point of view befo9re you can go ahead to make any judgment to the situation in question. If you have your own view about what the speaker is saying, you can use it to mirror what you heard from the speaker. IMPACT OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION WHILE INTERACTING WITH OTHER OFFICERS, WITNESSES AND POSSIBLE SUSPECTS Bouncing leg indicates that you have no interest in whatever is said and a sign of impatience because you are getting tired and you wand the speaker to finish whatever he is saying as quickly as possible. Nodding of head is a sign of approving what has been said. It shows the listener is encouraged by what has been said and also he understands what the speaker is tying to communicate. When an eyebrow is raised, this shows lack of believing what is said and questions the speaker’s message and also a sign of being surprised by whatever has been said. When the listeners remain silent, they understand everything that is being said. The topic is interesting to that and they want to continuer hearing more about it and they respect the speaker and can not make any noise while he is speaking. Slouching shoulders is a sign of tiredness because the speaker might have taken too long communicating without giving the listeners break to relax before he continues with his speech. It can also be a sign of discouragement and loss of hope. Looking away means that you are impatient and cannot wait any longer for the speaker to finish what he is saying. This is also a sign of lack of interest in what is being said. HOW TO GO ABOUT SPEAKING WITH THE FOLLOWING: The hearing impaired man Make sure the hearing aid is in the ear and if it is turned, adjust it to the right position to ensure that it is functioning properly and make sure the battery is working and replace it with a new one if it is not functioning well. Stand directly in front of the person so that he can see you clearly and be able to get individual attention from him when you are close enough to him before you begin to talk. When you approach the person, make sure he sees you to avoid making him startled. He should always know that there is some one near him not to be caught by surprise. Make the speech easier to understand by him by not chewing, eating or smoking while you talk to him. Hand should be kept away from face so that you can be seen clearly and learn any face expression which communicates a lot about your feelings. The background noise that interferes with proper hearing should be avoided to ensure total concentration of the listener and the speaker. Enough time should be allowed for meaningful conversation without running out of time. if messages are necessary, write them down so that the hearing impaired man can be able to read them.   When speaking, do not shout so that whatever you are saying can come out clearly and can be understood very well. Different ways can be used to make the message be properly understood. Speaking to the child The language ability level should be should be identified to know how to communicate to the child in a language that he can be able to understand. Know the physical capability of the child and emotional capability and communicate in a passionate manner and do not include any judgment to the child so that he can be encouraged to continue talking. Make sure the child is comfortable and help him understand the purpose of the interview. The language should be adjusted to help the child understand all the questions and a simple and well explained manner. The gang The gang should be reliable, look for what is positive and of material to the gang. Be yourself and real. Make the promises that you can always keep to ensure that you develop trust in the gang. be a good role model whom the gang can look at and admire all the time and help them mould their character. You should be aware of the experiences that other people have as you continue dealing with the gang and do not ignore their experience. Take care of the body language especially the movement of hands to avoid threatening the gang. Understand the gangs’ language so that you can ensure there is effective communication. Things should not be taken at personal level and help those who are in need of your help. Visually shaken Describe to them the room layout as you enter and inform him when you want to leave. If the person needs your guidance, allow him to take your arm for guidance. Increase lighting in the room and ask him if he needs your help and offer to help him. If you want to touch the person, first call him by name so that he can be aware that there is someone who is near him. Allow the person touch you if he needs to do so. Treat him like a sighted person and do not show him that you sympathize with his situation for him to know that he is still worthy despite his situation because disability is not inability. Explain to them what you are doing so that they may not be suspicious of what you are doing. Where possible, encourage independence and leave things where they are unless you are asked to move them to another place. Technology used throughout investigation and in the court room The law is enforced so that it can be followed by all the affected parties. the witnesses are interrogated for them to give evidence of the case in question that will assist the court in making judgment. The person who is guilty of the offence is arrested and waits for the day of trial. The days for the judge to listen to the case are booked at a given time in future. The suspects are held from the day they are caught until when their case will be heard which is the same day when citizens bring their claims to be heard by the judge. Ethical issues to consider There is training of judges on how to handle cases and how to judge the criminals depending on the evidence given concerning the committed crime. The sensitivity of the case is very important to ensure that judgment is done fairly without favorism or discrimination of either of the parties. There should be awareness of the rules and regulations set by the government on how all the citizen should behave and the disciplinary action taken against anybody who disobeys the law. The issue of equitable treatment to all citizens is important where they are all treated as equals and no one is taken as more important or special than the others. CONFLICT RESOLUTION Parties involved achieve success without leaving either party devoid of dignity or respect. It results in win solution by both parties getting something in return for considering the other. Success approach to conflict resolution is establishing relationship with disputing parties, have strategy for mediation, collect information, design plan, build trust, define the issues, uncover interests that are hidden, get settlement means and have a bargaining to achieve the settlement. SUBSEQUENT INTERROGATION The people present at the time the suspect takes a hostage are questioned and they give out the circumstances surrounding the ability of the suspect to take hostage. The police writes a report which is analyzed and helps to know where the suspect might have gone to take refuge so that he can be caught. If it was a plot for him to escape, the officers concerned faces disciplinary action and can be suspended from their duties till further notice. ASSOCIATED LEGAL ISSUES The suspect is caught again and will have two cases to answer in court. The murder case and taking a hostage. The judge will listen to both cases and gives judgment for both of them as two separate cases. If he is found guilty, he will be arrested and faces a jail sentence. WRITING PRESS RELEASE There was a suspect of murder who took a hostage from court after he was arrested in court. He is tall, medium sized and dressed in black trouser and white shirt. Anybody who has any information concerning him can report to the nearest police station and will receive a reward of one thousand dollars in cash. Thank you. From criminal investigation department The key participants in this trial are The eye witnesses who witnessed the shooting as it occurred for example, the child who was playing outside, the person who was impaired in hearing, the shaken visually who was pumping gas and the young gang members. The credibility issues are that when these eye witnesses were interrogated at different times, they gave the same information concerning the suspect. A gun was recovered from the pocket of suspect and he had put on more than one trouser so that when he commits crime he can be able to remove the trouser on top to hide his identity. The role l would play in the trial is that, I would guide the court on who to use to give evidence because, I was able to see who was on the spot immediately the shooting occurred and nobody else should give the evidence apart from the ones who were present. REFERENCES Albert Mehrabian; Nonverbial Communication; Transaction Pub,2007 Mc Mains, M.J, and Mullins, W.C, Crisis Negotiations in Law enforcement and corrections. Cincinnati, OH; Anderson Pub,2001 Edmund Husserl, Dermot Moran; Logical Investigations; Routledge,2001

gideon Essay -- essays papers

gideon Gideon v. Wainwright What most people don't know is that in the past those arrested for a crime did not really have "the right to an attorney" unless they had money. This became a right because Clarence Gideon, a prison inmate who did not have the money for a lawyer, took a pencil in his hand and wrote his own petition to the United States Supreme Court. Clarence Gideon, without a lawyer, took his case to the highest court in the country and won important rights for all of us. In 1961, Clarence Gideon was arrested in Florida on a charge of breaking and entering into a pool hall. Gideon was a likely suspect for the police to arrest: he was a 51-year old drifter who had been in and out of jail many times since he ran away from home to be a â€Å"hobo† at age 16. Although he barely finished the eighth-grade, when Gideon was arrested he knew two things: one of which was that he had not committed this crime and the second is he would not have a chance to convince a jury that he was not guilty if he did not have a lawyer. Because Gideon could not afford a lawyer, he asked a judge to appoint a lawyer to represent him. The judge refused and Gideon was convicted. He was sentenced to five years in jail, which gave him a lot of time on his hands. He put that time to good use. First, he filed a petition before the Florida Supreme Court. The petition was denied. So then he decided to file a petition in the U.S. Supreme Court arguing that putting him on trial without a lawyer was...

Bob Mcdonald P

Introduction Procter and Gamble is a company that has shown impressive success since its creation in the year 1837. Procter and Gamble has made its way to a successful career and is now a globally recognized business to business firm that distributes several products around the world. Bob McDonald is the current President and CEO of the firm. He has held this difficult job since 2009 and has also contributed to recent success of the firm. The reason why this position is so difficult is due to the very diverse and complicated activity of the firm.Nevertheless Bob McDonald has done a lot for the firm and has kept the firm up and running and at its best. A former U. S Army captain, Bob McDonald has worked for Procter and Gamble for 30 years before he became CEO. Since he applied for a job in P&G in 1980, he worked himself to the top through the years in the firm. Upon entering the firm, Bob never thought of becoming a CEO. He just needed a stable job and a permanent home in Cincinnati.B ob explains his wrong expectations in the following quote â€Å"I was leaving the military service, and I really joined P&G in order to spend my entire life and raise my family in a city like Cincinnati and never have to move. So in 1989, when the company came to me and said, â€Å"We'd like you to move to Toronto, Canada,† I said, â€Å"Did I do something wrong? † (Bernard-Kuhn, 2012) Due to the fact that the former CEO of the firm anticipated that the company was going to be more successful in international markets, he sent Bob and other company employees to work in different parts of the world where P&G facilities existed.When Bob achieved his new position as CEO he expressed his feelings by saying â€Å"I would describe those first weeks as filled with anxiety and humility. This is an institution that is, in my mind, the greatest company in the history of the world. There are fewer than 40 countries that have been around as long as P&G. † Bob felt out of pl ace and felt burdened to has such huge responsibility on his neck. (Bernard-Kuhn, 2012) Bob McDonald and P&G As I said before Bob, when Bob became CEO he had no plans. He was afraid of the responsibility given to him. This was what pushed him to implement some great strategies.These strategies proved successful and increased the firm’s overall quality of performance. The first step Bob McDonald took as CEO of Procter and Gamble is reaffirming the firm’s purpose which is â€Å"to touch and improve the lives of the world’s consumers through branded products of superior quality and value†. (McDonald, 2012) He was determined to increase the firms growth through introducing superior products to satisfy consumer needs and wants in a sustainable and profitable manner. He was not exactly sure how he was to that and is why he replied to friends’ congratulations by saying, â€Å"Please don't congratulate me. It's way too premature.Wait until I retire, and l et's look back and see whether or not the company is stronger than it was when I took over. † (Bernard-Kuhn, 2012) Bob was frightened by the degree of responsibility that he was burdened by and was not sure how he was to succeed in making the firm better. Bob introduced a new strategy which was implementing immediately. His strategy was to focus on its â€Å"40 largest businesses, its 20 most successful innovations, and the 10 most profitable developing markets†. (McDonald, 2012) This strategy is basically based on good consumer relationship building through the augmentation of brand awareness and brand effectiveness.Due to its diverse products Procter and Gamble has often found itself generalizing in terms of targeting. It was not doing a very good job of reaching out to the right consumers with the right brands. By focusing on certain brands, however, and properly targeting the right segments for these brands Bob was able to create a better public image for the firm. Basically the steps that were taken here are turning brands into innovative ones and proving the right brand and product for the right consumer. This strategy has led to 4% growth for Procter and Gamble each year four every year it since it was implemented in 2009.This growth has been achieved even though there was no market growth and there were many problems emerging such as the financial crisis and decreases in the market shares. So that was pretty impressive. The company’s stated the results of its growth since the implementation of the strategy b stating â€Å"in the last fiscal year, P;G returned $10 billion of cash to shareholders through $6 billion of dividends and $4 billion of share repurchase. P;G paid a dividend for the 122nd consecutive year – one of only nine companies to have done this. The Company increased the dividend by 7%.This was the 56th consecutive year the dividend increased – one of only six companies to have done this†. (â€Å"P rocter and gamble,† 2012) Bob McDonald Leadership When speaking of how Bob leads his company we see that he follows a value-based leadership. He has spoken of this type of leadership several times. He often says that â€Å"living a life driven by purpose is more meaningful and rewarding than meandering through life without direction†. (Knight, 2011) He believes that a successful business requires good planning because people want to work with leaders who are predictable and who plan out everything in their lives.Bob said to a group of students in a speech that â€Å"people like to work for leaders that are predictable, they like to work for leaders that have a purpose in their own lives and a values system they can follow. † (Henretty, 2008) Bob even encourages his employees to seek a purpose in life rather that only focus on a job in Procter and Gamble. He says that this makes for more innovation and more willingness to make efforts. He tells his employees †Å"don’t make your goal in life a position at Procter and Gamble. You need something a little bigger than that†. Henretty, 2008) Bob defines a good leader as someone who builds teams that put certain value in their work. These teams should learn to work together and through time become like a family. He further defines good leadership by saying that â€Å"â€Å"the true test of leadership isn’t what happens when you’re there, it’s what happens when you leave. † (Henretty, 2008) Basically his idea is all about team building and keeping the team together. The type of leadership Bob uses was favored by employees. This is because Bob encouraged employees to seek value in their live and to be innovative.This tolerance of freedom led to willing employees. Employees started working as if the company was theirs. Of course there is a always a negative side to everything. Inefficient employees were often sacked. As a matter of fact Bob got rid of many employees to leave room for new innovative ones. Although this was not appreciated by some it had to be done in order to keep expanding as a team. Bobs speeches were very innovative and pushed employees to do their best. Conclusion To conclude, Procter and Gamble has grown tremendously since Bob McDonald ecame CEO. Bob used many strategies to enforce sales. The secret of his success were not only due to brand and product oriented strategies, but was also a result of good leadership and good team management. His leadership skills played a major role in shaping the employees of the company. Although Bob was forced to make harsh decisions and fire people he also recruited quite a number of able and experienced employees. Bernard-Kuhn, L. (2012). Procter ; gamble ceo: Company is people powered. The Cincinnati Enquirer, Retrieved from http://www. usatoday. om/story/money/business/2012/11/19/procter-gamble-ceo- mcdonald/1715573/ Henretty, A. (2008, July 10). Man with a plan: P;g coo bob m cdonald on ‘values-based leadership’. Retrieved from http://www. kellogg. northwestern. edu/News_Articles/2008/bobmcdonaldpg. aspx Knight, B. (2011, September 7). P;g ceo bob mcdonald on values-based leadership. Retrieved from http://www. owenbloggers. com/2011/09/07/pg-ceo-bob-mcdonald-on-value-based- leadership/ McDonald, B. (2012). Procter and gamble. Retrieved from http://www. pg. com/en Procter and gamble. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. pg. com/en

The Roles of the Mentor and of the Preceptor in Nursing

The nursing profession has found itself under siege in recent decades, facing an insufficient number of students entering the field to replace those individuals who are leaving it.   For this reason it is incumbent on those individuals already employed as nurses to assist the newly graduated nurses entering the field, easing their transition and assisting with retention. Both mentors and preceptors are practicing nurses who have put themselves into these supportive roles, ensuring that the conditions in the clinical environment create a safe and efficient workplace amenable to appropriate nursing care.   As a result of this great and continued need for the retention of new and newly advanced nurses, both mentors and preceptors are of overwhelming value to the profession.   The roles that these individuals play, however, are quite different, despite their equal value in nursing education. Mentors in Nursing Practice Mentors have long been part of professional development in other fields, dating back to ancient Greece and ancient Rome and, perhaps, beyond.   Morton-Cooper and Palmer (2000), citing Hamilton, state that â€Å"it was fully expected that the youths would learn from and emulate the values of their assigned ‘mentor.’   The term mentor became synonymous with wise, faithful guardian and teacher† (37). Some of the assumptions associated with a mentor and mentee relationship are that the mentee will eventually become self-directed through guidance, rather than other-directed and that the mentee will eventually become more performance oriented through the development of critical thinking skills developed over time in practice, rather than relying on the knowledge obtained in school (Morton-Cooper & Palmer, 2000).   It is up to the mentor to help the mentee develop these skills through a collaborative effort, acting as a guide to assist the mentee with achieving his or her potential. Preceptors in Nursing Practice Like mentors, preceptors are skilled clinicians who possess a broad body of knowledge.   Many nurses who excel at their nursing practice can be preceptors, even if they do not possess the teaching skills to be mentors.   Unlike mentors who work closely with their mentees, preceptors are individuals that model behavior for the learners on the clinical floor.   In addition, preceptors observe the learners and analyze and evaluate the behaviors and activities that they observe.   Preceptors have what might be termed a â€Å"quasi-mentoring† role in terms of students, providing support when the student needs it, rather than the day to day guidance provided by the mentor.   According to Morton-Cooper and Palmer (2000) the lack of understanding of the preceptor’s role allowed it to be confused with that of the mentor (p. 47). Learning Contract A learning contract is a formal tool used in mentoring situations.   This contract makes provisions for resource allocations, establishes the relationship between mentor and mentee, and provides sufficient and useful assessment of the learner’s progress (Morton-Cooper & Palmer, 2000).     In addition, preceptor learning contracts that set the learning objectives held by both the learner and the preceptor are useful documents, particularly in the case of rotating schedules and other difficulties that might prevent the preceptor and learner from being on the floor at the same time. The learning contract can also be used as a learning â€Å"diary,† in which the learner records the emotions connected with the clinical experience (Morton-Cooper & Palmer, 2000).     Because clinical nursing experience is an experiential form of learning, having records of the learning process and the emotions associated with it can provide valuable insight in connection with the environment in which the nurse is learning and working. In addition, this contract can be used to provide a roadmap that might be used to measure the learner’s commitment to the program. Conclusion The preceptor and the mentor are both valuable members of the teaching team, who act in conjunction with the nurse educator’s classroom instruction. The learning contract is also a valuable learning and teaching tool that can be used to direct both the teaching process and the learning process, as well. Reference Morton-Cooper, A., & Palmer, A. (2000).  Ã‚   Mentoring, preceptorship and clinical supervision: A guide to professional roles in clinical practice.   Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, Inc.

The Chocolate War essays

The Chocolate War essays Throughout the novel The Chocolate War, written by Robert Cormier, there are many themes and situations whether they are major or very subtle. One theme that is really important to the novel is what Jerry considers Disturbing the Universe. Within the book Jerry disturbs the universe in such a way that it causes havoc within Trinity School. The novel The Chocolate War offers a realistic approach on modern society when it comes to going outside of what you are taught and the social norms. Every year at Trinity School they have a chocolate sale for an annual school fund-raiser and every year it is almost like every student is forced to sell chocolates or they will be shunned. The annual school fund raiser was coming up and Jerry Renault was trying to impress the Vigils so this year he said, No when asked if he wanted to sell chocolates. He had to deny the chocolates for ten days straight but after those ten days were up he continued. He did this because he felt that being forced to do something you didnt want to do was outrageous so by him doing this it outraged the the school and caused commotion. Him doing this showed the Vigils that they were not in charge of him and he could do whatever he wants to do on his own. The social norm would be to sell the chocolates but he goes against it therefore disturbing the universe. In the novel the the universe is represented as the world created by the school and The Vigils. They make everything seem such as if that is the way it should be happening. The Vigils rule the school and whatever they say goes no matter what. They are so powerful because they are connected with Brother Leon who runs the school. Such as Jerry saying no to the chocolates, it is like defying something huge which creates havoc and disturbs the universe. Before Jerry no one has ever went against the Vigils or have even thought about it because everyone wa...

How to find out what you’re worth at work

How to find out what you’re worth at work Have you ever had the suspicion that you’re not being paid exactly what you’re worth? A lot of people have, but how can you know for sure? How can you assign a dollar amount to your value? Is it even possible? The short answer is â€Å"yes.† Here are a few tips for figuring out your magic number- or at least a figure close to what you should be making at your current position.Research using several sources.Googling is usually your first step in solving almost any conundrum, and answering the question of â€Å"How much am I worth?† is no different. Start by searching sites like Payscale.com, Salary.com, Glassdoor.com, or even the Bureau of Labor Statistics. On these sites you will probably find wide ranges in figures, so you’ll have to factor in where you might fit within those ranges. Where you fall on any given position’s salary range is going to be determined by a bunch of factors unique to you, such as your job experience and education. Th e more experienced you are, the more advanced certification you have, the more likely you will be to end up higher on the salary range.As you can probably tell, Googling probably won’t turn up a definitive answer to your question, but it is a good starting place to see if you’re in the ballpark of what you should be earning.Know that location matters.Your geographical location is another big factor when it comes to how much you should be earning. Check local salary statistics on the Bureau of Labor Statistics site to get a sense of the average pay for your area. The results will be very different in a small town as opposed to a big city. For example, according to Payscale.com, the average salary in New York, New York, is $69,115 while the average salary in Binghamton, New York, is only $44,275.Consider your resume.How many responsibilities do you have? Are you doing the work of two or three people? Is your workload equal to your assumed pay grade? Have you been rewarde d for any of your efforts or achieved anything or contributed anything noteworthy to your company? Answering these little questions will help you answer the big one. The more bullet pointed accomplishments you have, the better your case when asking for a raise toward the higher end of your earning spectrum.Talk to people.When appropriate, you can ask other people in your field how much they’re making. Don’t necessarily inquire directly, as direct salary talk is still considered an etiquette breach. But do consider asking for their advice or feedback on what a fair compensation package might be considering your personal details. Some people will probably be happy to help and even willing to share their own specific numbers.Ask recruiters.Recruiters are a great resource for concrete information on what similar positions pay. They can also provide valuable insight into how well particular companies pay compared to other companies in your field.Plan for the future.Don†™t get nearsighted about your current position or think only in terms of your current annual salary. Think about growth opportunities, the potential for your position to evolve, and the trajectory of your career once you’ve paid your dues at a lower level. If you’re at the lower end of earning for your career right now, just make sure you’re doing all you can to set yourself up for promotions into the upper levels. If you have a goal in mind, you can structure your career to reach it.

Sustainable management futures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sustainable management futures - Essay Example 86). When Prime Minister says that â€Å"no true conservative wants to sit back and let capitalism rip†, he is making a contradictory and incorrect statement. The main premise of capitalism is to ensure that the government sits back and â€Å"let it rip†. Whenever the government intervenes, not only it distorts the market equilibrium but it also ensures that the public sector grows larger in size, as compared to the private sector. There are no doubt in the fact that the resources in the market are limited, in terms of human and financial capital, and when these resources are devoted to the public sector, which is the inefficient sector, economies fail to realize their economic potential (Bishop, 2000, p. 86). More importantly, when governments intervene and prohibit capitalism from â€Å"letting it rip†, it is creating a cost on all parties with its intervention. Quite understandably, governments would have to finance their power and intervention with two possib le sources. First, it would tax people to fund the intervention, something that violates the basic principles of liberty and freedom and decreases the disposable incomes of people, which then goes on limit the number and size of investments (Isbister, 2011, p. 76). More importantly, as mentioned earlier, the public sector is the inefficient sector, therefore, the amount of taxes are never able to generate returns what they should have generated had they been transferred to the private. Furthermore, as governments accumulate more money though taxes, they see more incentives and opportunities for corruption. Second, the governments might decide to print more money for financing these interventions and â€Å"preventing capitalism from ripping† (Aras & Crowther, 2010, p. 67-68). Injecting more liquidity in the market might boost the demand in the short term but in the medium term, it will increase the inflation, which is disastrous to any economy. The cash reserves, savings and c apital of people would hold lesser value than they did before thus depriving people to buy the same amount of goods and services that they intended to buy with their money since it would hold lesser value. It would decrease the disposable incomes of people, which would reduce the savings. Reduction in savings would mean reduction in the overall capital, which is available in the market thus discouraging future investments and economic growth. Consider the example of how under the Bush Administration, the Federal Reserve Chairman, Alan Greenspan, although, a libertarian decided not to â€Å"let capitalism† rip† and intervene by disturbing the equilibrium of the market. In the wake of the dotcom bubble and 9/11 attacks, he decided to set the interest rates at a record low level of 1 percent so that capitalism and free markets could not â€Å"rip† investments due to the above mentioned events. It appeared that the strategy worked, as investors went on to invest in m ore risky projects and sectors, which would not have received investment had the interest rates been determined by market. Too many investments in the housing market created a housing bubble, which then

Two years of a foreign language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Two years of a foreign language - Essay Example Learning foreign languages helps the students to get knowledge from the other countries, as they can read various materials written in different languages (Ircsd.org n.p). Such materials are in books, articles, and films that help them learn about other cultures and understand the world. Knowledge of other peoples’ cultures helps one to expand the horizons and be a responsible citizen. The students get to learn about grammar rules in various languages of the world, which help them in their cognitive process. A second language is important for the students who enjoy travelling, as it helps them to be more open-minded and social. Students who know more than one language can learn about other countries history and the current affairs of those countries compared to those who take only one language (Ircsd.org n.p). Taking at least two years in studying a foreign language by high school and college students is important as a way of promoting knowledge and enhancing communication amo ng the students. Students who study a second language in high school and college have greater chances of getting good jobs in reputable organizations compared to those who do not as noted in Ircsd.org in (n.p). After graduation, all graduates aim at securing a good job before furthering their studies. Due to the worlds integration and communication, proficiency in foreign language, especially English among other language-speaking people is of great importance in securing good jobs in international organizations. Most of the companies that advertise jobs cite a second language as an added advantage for candidates interested in those posts. Living in a foreign country can pose a challenge if one does not know the official language of that country; hence, students should do a foreign language during their high school and college level studies. Studying a foreign language by