gideon Essay -- essays papers

gideon Gideon v. Wainwright What most people don't know is that in the past those arrested for a crime did not really have "the right to an attorney" unless they had money. This became a right because Clarence Gideon, a prison inmate who did not have the money for a lawyer, took a pencil in his hand and wrote his own petition to the United States Supreme Court. Clarence Gideon, without a lawyer, took his case to the highest court in the country and won important rights for all of us. In 1961, Clarence Gideon was arrested in Florida on a charge of breaking and entering into a pool hall. Gideon was a likely suspect for the police to arrest: he was a 51-year old drifter who had been in and out of jail many times since he ran away from home to be a â€Å"hobo† at age 16. Although he barely finished the eighth-grade, when Gideon was arrested he knew two things: one of which was that he had not committed this crime and the second is he would not have a chance to convince a jury that he was not guilty if he did not have a lawyer. Because Gideon could not afford a lawyer, he asked a judge to appoint a lawyer to represent him. The judge refused and Gideon was convicted. He was sentenced to five years in jail, which gave him a lot of time on his hands. He put that time to good use. First, he filed a petition before the Florida Supreme Court. The petition was denied. So then he decided to file a petition in the U.S. Supreme Court arguing that putting him on trial without a lawyer was...

Bob Mcdonald P

Introduction Procter and Gamble is a company that has shown impressive success since its creation in the year 1837. Procter and Gamble has made its way to a successful career and is now a globally recognized business to business firm that distributes several products around the world. Bob McDonald is the current President and CEO of the firm. He has held this difficult job since 2009 and has also contributed to recent success of the firm. The reason why this position is so difficult is due to the very diverse and complicated activity of the firm.Nevertheless Bob McDonald has done a lot for the firm and has kept the firm up and running and at its best. A former U. S Army captain, Bob McDonald has worked for Procter and Gamble for 30 years before he became CEO. Since he applied for a job in P&G in 1980, he worked himself to the top through the years in the firm. Upon entering the firm, Bob never thought of becoming a CEO. He just needed a stable job and a permanent home in Cincinnati.B ob explains his wrong expectations in the following quote â€Å"I was leaving the military service, and I really joined P&G in order to spend my entire life and raise my family in a city like Cincinnati and never have to move. So in 1989, when the company came to me and said, â€Å"We'd like you to move to Toronto, Canada,† I said, â€Å"Did I do something wrong? † (Bernard-Kuhn, 2012) Due to the fact that the former CEO of the firm anticipated that the company was going to be more successful in international markets, he sent Bob and other company employees to work in different parts of the world where P&G facilities existed.When Bob achieved his new position as CEO he expressed his feelings by saying â€Å"I would describe those first weeks as filled with anxiety and humility. This is an institution that is, in my mind, the greatest company in the history of the world. There are fewer than 40 countries that have been around as long as P&G. † Bob felt out of pl ace and felt burdened to has such huge responsibility on his neck. (Bernard-Kuhn, 2012) Bob McDonald and P&G As I said before Bob, when Bob became CEO he had no plans. He was afraid of the responsibility given to him. This was what pushed him to implement some great strategies.These strategies proved successful and increased the firm’s overall quality of performance. The first step Bob McDonald took as CEO of Procter and Gamble is reaffirming the firm’s purpose which is â€Å"to touch and improve the lives of the world’s consumers through branded products of superior quality and value†. (McDonald, 2012) He was determined to increase the firms growth through introducing superior products to satisfy consumer needs and wants in a sustainable and profitable manner. He was not exactly sure how he was to that and is why he replied to friends’ congratulations by saying, â€Å"Please don't congratulate me. It's way too premature.Wait until I retire, and l et's look back and see whether or not the company is stronger than it was when I took over. † (Bernard-Kuhn, 2012) Bob was frightened by the degree of responsibility that he was burdened by and was not sure how he was to succeed in making the firm better. Bob introduced a new strategy which was implementing immediately. His strategy was to focus on its â€Å"40 largest businesses, its 20 most successful innovations, and the 10 most profitable developing markets†. (McDonald, 2012) This strategy is basically based on good consumer relationship building through the augmentation of brand awareness and brand effectiveness.Due to its diverse products Procter and Gamble has often found itself generalizing in terms of targeting. It was not doing a very good job of reaching out to the right consumers with the right brands. By focusing on certain brands, however, and properly targeting the right segments for these brands Bob was able to create a better public image for the firm. Basically the steps that were taken here are turning brands into innovative ones and proving the right brand and product for the right consumer. This strategy has led to 4% growth for Procter and Gamble each year four every year it since it was implemented in 2009.This growth has been achieved even though there was no market growth and there were many problems emerging such as the financial crisis and decreases in the market shares. So that was pretty impressive. The company’s stated the results of its growth since the implementation of the strategy b stating â€Å"in the last fiscal year, P;G returned $10 billion of cash to shareholders through $6 billion of dividends and $4 billion of share repurchase. P;G paid a dividend for the 122nd consecutive year – one of only nine companies to have done this. The Company increased the dividend by 7%.This was the 56th consecutive year the dividend increased – one of only six companies to have done this†. (â€Å"P rocter and gamble,† 2012) Bob McDonald Leadership When speaking of how Bob leads his company we see that he follows a value-based leadership. He has spoken of this type of leadership several times. He often says that â€Å"living a life driven by purpose is more meaningful and rewarding than meandering through life without direction†. (Knight, 2011) He believes that a successful business requires good planning because people want to work with leaders who are predictable and who plan out everything in their lives.Bob said to a group of students in a speech that â€Å"people like to work for leaders that are predictable, they like to work for leaders that have a purpose in their own lives and a values system they can follow. † (Henretty, 2008) Bob even encourages his employees to seek a purpose in life rather that only focus on a job in Procter and Gamble. He says that this makes for more innovation and more willingness to make efforts. He tells his employees †Å"don’t make your goal in life a position at Procter and Gamble. You need something a little bigger than that†. Henretty, 2008) Bob defines a good leader as someone who builds teams that put certain value in their work. These teams should learn to work together and through time become like a family. He further defines good leadership by saying that â€Å"â€Å"the true test of leadership isn’t what happens when you’re there, it’s what happens when you leave. † (Henretty, 2008) Basically his idea is all about team building and keeping the team together. The type of leadership Bob uses was favored by employees. This is because Bob encouraged employees to seek value in their live and to be innovative.This tolerance of freedom led to willing employees. Employees started working as if the company was theirs. Of course there is a always a negative side to everything. Inefficient employees were often sacked. As a matter of fact Bob got rid of many employees to leave room for new innovative ones. Although this was not appreciated by some it had to be done in order to keep expanding as a team. Bobs speeches were very innovative and pushed employees to do their best. Conclusion To conclude, Procter and Gamble has grown tremendously since Bob McDonald ecame CEO. Bob used many strategies to enforce sales. The secret of his success were not only due to brand and product oriented strategies, but was also a result of good leadership and good team management. His leadership skills played a major role in shaping the employees of the company. Although Bob was forced to make harsh decisions and fire people he also recruited quite a number of able and experienced employees. Bernard-Kuhn, L. (2012). Procter ; gamble ceo: Company is people powered. The Cincinnati Enquirer, Retrieved from http://www. usatoday. om/story/money/business/2012/11/19/procter-gamble-ceo- mcdonald/1715573/ Henretty, A. (2008, July 10). Man with a plan: P;g coo bob m cdonald on ‘values-based leadership’. Retrieved from http://www. kellogg. northwestern. edu/News_Articles/2008/bobmcdonaldpg. aspx Knight, B. (2011, September 7). P;g ceo bob mcdonald on values-based leadership. Retrieved from http://www. owenbloggers. com/2011/09/07/pg-ceo-bob-mcdonald-on-value-based- leadership/ McDonald, B. (2012). Procter and gamble. Retrieved from http://www. pg. com/en Procter and gamble. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. pg. com/en

The Roles of the Mentor and of the Preceptor in Nursing

The nursing profession has found itself under siege in recent decades, facing an insufficient number of students entering the field to replace those individuals who are leaving it.   For this reason it is incumbent on those individuals already employed as nurses to assist the newly graduated nurses entering the field, easing their transition and assisting with retention. Both mentors and preceptors are practicing nurses who have put themselves into these supportive roles, ensuring that the conditions in the clinical environment create a safe and efficient workplace amenable to appropriate nursing care.   As a result of this great and continued need for the retention of new and newly advanced nurses, both mentors and preceptors are of overwhelming value to the profession.   The roles that these individuals play, however, are quite different, despite their equal value in nursing education. Mentors in Nursing Practice Mentors have long been part of professional development in other fields, dating back to ancient Greece and ancient Rome and, perhaps, beyond.   Morton-Cooper and Palmer (2000), citing Hamilton, state that â€Å"it was fully expected that the youths would learn from and emulate the values of their assigned ‘mentor.’   The term mentor became synonymous with wise, faithful guardian and teacher† (37). Some of the assumptions associated with a mentor and mentee relationship are that the mentee will eventually become self-directed through guidance, rather than other-directed and that the mentee will eventually become more performance oriented through the development of critical thinking skills developed over time in practice, rather than relying on the knowledge obtained in school (Morton-Cooper & Palmer, 2000).   It is up to the mentor to help the mentee develop these skills through a collaborative effort, acting as a guide to assist the mentee with achieving his or her potential. Preceptors in Nursing Practice Like mentors, preceptors are skilled clinicians who possess a broad body of knowledge.   Many nurses who excel at their nursing practice can be preceptors, even if they do not possess the teaching skills to be mentors.   Unlike mentors who work closely with their mentees, preceptors are individuals that model behavior for the learners on the clinical floor.   In addition, preceptors observe the learners and analyze and evaluate the behaviors and activities that they observe.   Preceptors have what might be termed a â€Å"quasi-mentoring† role in terms of students, providing support when the student needs it, rather than the day to day guidance provided by the mentor.   According to Morton-Cooper and Palmer (2000) the lack of understanding of the preceptor’s role allowed it to be confused with that of the mentor (p. 47). Learning Contract A learning contract is a formal tool used in mentoring situations.   This contract makes provisions for resource allocations, establishes the relationship between mentor and mentee, and provides sufficient and useful assessment of the learner’s progress (Morton-Cooper & Palmer, 2000).     In addition, preceptor learning contracts that set the learning objectives held by both the learner and the preceptor are useful documents, particularly in the case of rotating schedules and other difficulties that might prevent the preceptor and learner from being on the floor at the same time. The learning contract can also be used as a learning â€Å"diary,† in which the learner records the emotions connected with the clinical experience (Morton-Cooper & Palmer, 2000).     Because clinical nursing experience is an experiential form of learning, having records of the learning process and the emotions associated with it can provide valuable insight in connection with the environment in which the nurse is learning and working. In addition, this contract can be used to provide a roadmap that might be used to measure the learner’s commitment to the program. Conclusion The preceptor and the mentor are both valuable members of the teaching team, who act in conjunction with the nurse educator’s classroom instruction. The learning contract is also a valuable learning and teaching tool that can be used to direct both the teaching process and the learning process, as well. Reference Morton-Cooper, A., & Palmer, A. (2000).  Ã‚   Mentoring, preceptorship and clinical supervision: A guide to professional roles in clinical practice.   Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, Inc.

The Chocolate War essays

The Chocolate War essays Throughout the novel The Chocolate War, written by Robert Cormier, there are many themes and situations whether they are major or very subtle. One theme that is really important to the novel is what Jerry considers Disturbing the Universe. Within the book Jerry disturbs the universe in such a way that it causes havoc within Trinity School. The novel The Chocolate War offers a realistic approach on modern society when it comes to going outside of what you are taught and the social norms. Every year at Trinity School they have a chocolate sale for an annual school fund-raiser and every year it is almost like every student is forced to sell chocolates or they will be shunned. The annual school fund raiser was coming up and Jerry Renault was trying to impress the Vigils so this year he said, No when asked if he wanted to sell chocolates. He had to deny the chocolates for ten days straight but after those ten days were up he continued. He did this because he felt that being forced to do something you didnt want to do was outrageous so by him doing this it outraged the the school and caused commotion. Him doing this showed the Vigils that they were not in charge of him and he could do whatever he wants to do on his own. The social norm would be to sell the chocolates but he goes against it therefore disturbing the universe. In the novel the the universe is represented as the world created by the school and The Vigils. They make everything seem such as if that is the way it should be happening. The Vigils rule the school and whatever they say goes no matter what. They are so powerful because they are connected with Brother Leon who runs the school. Such as Jerry saying no to the chocolates, it is like defying something huge which creates havoc and disturbs the universe. Before Jerry no one has ever went against the Vigils or have even thought about it because everyone wa...

How to find out what you’re worth at work

How to find out what you’re worth at work Have you ever had the suspicion that you’re not being paid exactly what you’re worth? A lot of people have, but how can you know for sure? How can you assign a dollar amount to your value? Is it even possible? The short answer is â€Å"yes.† Here are a few tips for figuring out your magic number- or at least a figure close to what you should be making at your current position.Research using several sources.Googling is usually your first step in solving almost any conundrum, and answering the question of â€Å"How much am I worth?† is no different. Start by searching sites like Payscale.com, Salary.com, Glassdoor.com, or even the Bureau of Labor Statistics. On these sites you will probably find wide ranges in figures, so you’ll have to factor in where you might fit within those ranges. Where you fall on any given position’s salary range is going to be determined by a bunch of factors unique to you, such as your job experience and education. Th e more experienced you are, the more advanced certification you have, the more likely you will be to end up higher on the salary range.As you can probably tell, Googling probably won’t turn up a definitive answer to your question, but it is a good starting place to see if you’re in the ballpark of what you should be earning.Know that location matters.Your geographical location is another big factor when it comes to how much you should be earning. Check local salary statistics on the Bureau of Labor Statistics site to get a sense of the average pay for your area. The results will be very different in a small town as opposed to a big city. For example, according to Payscale.com, the average salary in New York, New York, is $69,115 while the average salary in Binghamton, New York, is only $44,275.Consider your resume.How many responsibilities do you have? Are you doing the work of two or three people? Is your workload equal to your assumed pay grade? Have you been rewarde d for any of your efforts or achieved anything or contributed anything noteworthy to your company? Answering these little questions will help you answer the big one. The more bullet pointed accomplishments you have, the better your case when asking for a raise toward the higher end of your earning spectrum.Talk to people.When appropriate, you can ask other people in your field how much they’re making. Don’t necessarily inquire directly, as direct salary talk is still considered an etiquette breach. But do consider asking for their advice or feedback on what a fair compensation package might be considering your personal details. Some people will probably be happy to help and even willing to share their own specific numbers.Ask recruiters.Recruiters are a great resource for concrete information on what similar positions pay. They can also provide valuable insight into how well particular companies pay compared to other companies in your field.Plan for the future.Don†™t get nearsighted about your current position or think only in terms of your current annual salary. Think about growth opportunities, the potential for your position to evolve, and the trajectory of your career once you’ve paid your dues at a lower level. If you’re at the lower end of earning for your career right now, just make sure you’re doing all you can to set yourself up for promotions into the upper levels. If you have a goal in mind, you can structure your career to reach it.

Sustainable management futures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sustainable management futures - Essay Example 86). When Prime Minister says that â€Å"no true conservative wants to sit back and let capitalism rip†, he is making a contradictory and incorrect statement. The main premise of capitalism is to ensure that the government sits back and â€Å"let it rip†. Whenever the government intervenes, not only it distorts the market equilibrium but it also ensures that the public sector grows larger in size, as compared to the private sector. There are no doubt in the fact that the resources in the market are limited, in terms of human and financial capital, and when these resources are devoted to the public sector, which is the inefficient sector, economies fail to realize their economic potential (Bishop, 2000, p. 86). More importantly, when governments intervene and prohibit capitalism from â€Å"letting it rip†, it is creating a cost on all parties with its intervention. Quite understandably, governments would have to finance their power and intervention with two possib le sources. First, it would tax people to fund the intervention, something that violates the basic principles of liberty and freedom and decreases the disposable incomes of people, which then goes on limit the number and size of investments (Isbister, 2011, p. 76). More importantly, as mentioned earlier, the public sector is the inefficient sector, therefore, the amount of taxes are never able to generate returns what they should have generated had they been transferred to the private. Furthermore, as governments accumulate more money though taxes, they see more incentives and opportunities for corruption. Second, the governments might decide to print more money for financing these interventions and â€Å"preventing capitalism from ripping† (Aras & Crowther, 2010, p. 67-68). Injecting more liquidity in the market might boost the demand in the short term but in the medium term, it will increase the inflation, which is disastrous to any economy. The cash reserves, savings and c apital of people would hold lesser value than they did before thus depriving people to buy the same amount of goods and services that they intended to buy with their money since it would hold lesser value. It would decrease the disposable incomes of people, which would reduce the savings. Reduction in savings would mean reduction in the overall capital, which is available in the market thus discouraging future investments and economic growth. Consider the example of how under the Bush Administration, the Federal Reserve Chairman, Alan Greenspan, although, a libertarian decided not to â€Å"let capitalism† rip† and intervene by disturbing the equilibrium of the market. In the wake of the dotcom bubble and 9/11 attacks, he decided to set the interest rates at a record low level of 1 percent so that capitalism and free markets could not â€Å"rip† investments due to the above mentioned events. It appeared that the strategy worked, as investors went on to invest in m ore risky projects and sectors, which would not have received investment had the interest rates been determined by market. Too many investments in the housing market created a housing bubble, which then

Two years of a foreign language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Two years of a foreign language - Essay Example Learning foreign languages helps the students to get knowledge from the other countries, as they can read various materials written in different languages (Ircsd.org n.p). Such materials are in books, articles, and films that help them learn about other cultures and understand the world. Knowledge of other peoples’ cultures helps one to expand the horizons and be a responsible citizen. The students get to learn about grammar rules in various languages of the world, which help them in their cognitive process. A second language is important for the students who enjoy travelling, as it helps them to be more open-minded and social. Students who know more than one language can learn about other countries history and the current affairs of those countries compared to those who take only one language (Ircsd.org n.p). Taking at least two years in studying a foreign language by high school and college students is important as a way of promoting knowledge and enhancing communication amo ng the students. Students who study a second language in high school and college have greater chances of getting good jobs in reputable organizations compared to those who do not as noted in Ircsd.org in (n.p). After graduation, all graduates aim at securing a good job before furthering their studies. Due to the worlds integration and communication, proficiency in foreign language, especially English among other language-speaking people is of great importance in securing good jobs in international organizations. Most of the companies that advertise jobs cite a second language as an added advantage for candidates interested in those posts. Living in a foreign country can pose a challenge if one does not know the official language of that country; hence, students should do a foreign language during their high school and college level studies. Studying a foreign language by